Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
Description: One of the methods used under an ABA approach, PECS uses pictures and other symbols to develop a functional communication system. PECS teaches students to exchange a picture of a desired item for the actual item.
Research Summary: Studies show that PECS is effective in teaching communications that involve single words or short phrases, and that gains may generalize to everyday settings. Ongoing consultation from an expert in this approach is likely to be necessary to maintain these gains.
Recommendations: The application of ABA methods to teach PECS is an appropriate intervention for children with autism spectrum disorders who have limited or no communication skills. To increase the utility of this intervention, an important area for future research is to investigate PECS procedures for promoting initiation of communication and acquisition of complex, flexible language.
Selected References:
Selected scientific studies:
- Charlop-Christy, M.H., Carpenter, M, Le, L., LeBlanc, L, & Kelley, K. (2002). Using the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) with children with autism: Assessment of PECS acquisition, speech, social-communicative behavior, and problem behaviors. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 35, 213-231
- Howlin, P., Gordon, R. K., Pasco, G., Wade, G., & Charman, T. (2007). Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 48, 473-481.
- Yoder, P., & Stone, W. L. (2006). Randomized comparison of two communication interventions for preschoolers with autism. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 426-425.
Systematic reviews of scientific studies:
- Sulzer-Azaroff, B., Hoffman, A. O., Horton, C. B., Bondy, A., & Frost, L. (2009). The Picture Exchange Communication System (Pecs): What do the data say? Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disorders. Accessed April 13, 2009
For additional information:
- Bondy, A. & Frost, L. (2001). The Picture Exchange Communication System. Behavior Modification, 25, 725-744.